Circunferencia de la cintura, tamaño de la grasa visceral y trastornos metabólicos en la obesidad mórbida

Maricela Martínez Corona, Malicela Barceló Acosta, Raúl Gómez González, Dianelys Ramírez Blanco

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Resumen

Justificación: La obesidad ha adquirido un carácter pandémico a nivel mundial. El exceso de peso afecta a la tercera parte de la población cubana. La distribución anatómica del exceso de grasa corporal puede establecer factores de riesgo metabólicos y determinar comorbilidades. Objetivo: Evaluar si la circunferencia de la cintura se asocia con la grasa visceral y la ocurrencia de trastornos metabólicos en obesos mórbidos (Índice de Masa Corporal >= 40 Kg.m-2). Material y método: Se examinaron transversalmente las asociaciones entre el tamaño de la grasa visceral (medida mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica), la circunferencia de cintura, la utilización periférica de glucosa, la insulinemia en ayunas, el índice HOMA, los triglicéridos séricos, y el colesterol sérico total, en 52 obesos mórbidos (Mujeres: 67.2%; Edades >= 60 años: 3.9%; Hipertensión arterial: 76.9%; Diabetes mellitus: 7.7%) atendidos ambulatoriamente en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras” (La Habana, Cuba). Resultados: El 71.1% de los obesos mórbidos estudiados presentaron >= 10 kilogramos de grasa visceral. El tamaño de la grasa visceral fue independiente de la circunferencia de la cintura, el IMC, el estado de la utilización periférica de los glúcidos, la presencia de insulinorresistencia, y las concentraciones de las distintas fracciones lipídicas. Igualmente, el tamaño de la grasa visceral fue independiente de la presencia del Síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: En la obesidad mórbida, la ocurrencia de trastornos de la utilización periférica de glúcidos, la presencia de insulinorresistencia, el estado de las fracciones lipídicas séricas y la existencia del Síndrome metabólico fueron independientes del tamaño de la grasa visceral. Otras localizaciones topográficas de la grasa corporal (como la grasa intraparenquimatosa) pudieran tener un impacto mayor sobre el metabolismo energético corporal.

 

Palabras clave

Obesidad mórbida; Grasa corporal; Grasa visceral; Circunferencia de la cintura; Insulinorresistencia; Síndrome metabólico

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